Tuesday, October 13, 2015

Chapter 2 : An Overview Of Educational Technology 2

Educational Technology 2 is concerned with “Integrating Technology into Teaching and Learning Process.” Specifically this is focused on introducing, reinforcing, supplementing and extending the knowledge and skills to learners so that they can become exemplary users of educational technology. It involves a deeper understanding of the computer as well as hands-on application of computer skills.

Educational Technology 2 Objectives
§  To provide education in the use of technology in instruction by providing knowledge and skills on technology integration-in-instruction to learners.
§  To impart learning experiences in instructional technology-supported instructional planning.
§  To acquaint students on Information Technology or IT-related learning theories with the computer as a tutor.
§  To learn to use and evaluate computer-based educational resources.
§  To engage learners on practical technology integration issues including managing IT classrooms, use of the Internet for learning, cooperative learning through the use of information technology.
§  To inculcate higher-level thinking and creativity among students while providing them knowledge of IT-related learning theories.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION
§  Progressive countries in the Asia Pacific Region have formulated state policies and strategies to infuse technology in schools.
§  Progressive states/city imposing ICT policies and strategies in schools are:
§  Educational Technology in New Zealand
Goal
Government with the education and technology sectors, community groups, and industry envisions supporting to the development of the capability of schools to use information and communication technologies in teaching-and-learning and in   administration.
Strategy
A  Improving learning outcomes for students using ICT to support the curriculum.
A  Using ICT to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of educational administration.
A  Developing partnership with communities to enhance access to learning through ICT.
Focus Areas
A  Infrastructure for increasing school’s access to ICTs to enhance education.
A  Professional development so that school managers and teachers can increase their capacity to use ICT.
Initiatives
A  An On-line Resource Center with a centrally managed website for the delivery of multimedia resources to schools.
A  A computer recycling scheme.
A  A planning and implementation guide for schools.
A  ICT professional development schools/ clusters.

§  Educational Technology in Australia
Planning, Funding & Implementation Strategies
A  Fast local and wide area networks linking schools across the state and territory.
A  Substantial number of computers in schools, ensuring adequate access.
A  Continuing teacher training in the use of technology for instruction.
A  Technical support to each school.
A  Sufficient hardware and software.
A  Digital library resources.
A  Technology demonstration as models for schools.

§  Educational Technology in Malaysia
Teaching-and-Learning includes:
A  Classroom with multi-media, presentation facilities, e-mail and groupware for collaborative work.
A  Library media center with database for multimedia courseware and network access to the internet.
A  Computer laboratory for teaching, readily accessible multimedia and audiovisual equipment.
A  Multimedia development center
A  Studio / theatre with control room
A  Teachers’ room with on-line access to courseware catalogues and databases, information and resource management systems and professional networking tools, such as e-mail and groupware.
A  Server room.
A  Administration offices capable of accessing the network.

§  Educational Technology in Singapore
Curriculum and Assessment
A  A balance between acquisition of factual knowledge and mastery concepts and skills.
A  Students in more active and independent learning.
A  Assessment to measure abilities in applying information and communicating.
Learning Resources/Strategies
A  Development of a wide range of educational software for instruction.
A  Use relevant internet resources for teaching- and-learning.
A  Convenient and timely procurement of software materials.
Teacher Development
A  Training on purposeful use of IT for teaching.
A  Equipping each trainee teacher with core skills in teaching with IT.
A  Tie-ups with institutions for higher learning and industry partners.
Physical and Technological infrastructure
A  Pupil computer ratio 2:1
A  Access to IT in all learning areas in the school
A  School wide network and school linkages through wide area network (WAN), eventually connected to Singapore ONE




§  Educational Technology in Hong Kong
IT Initiatives
A  40 computers for each primary schools and 82 computers for each secondary schools.
A  About 85,000 IT training places for teachers at four levels.
A  Technical support for all schools.
A  Information Education Resource Center
A  IT coordinator for each of 250 schools.
A  Computer rooms for the use of students after normal school hours.
A  An IT Pilot Scheme
A  Review of school curriculum to incorporate IT elements.
A  Development of appropriate software in collaboration with government, the private sector, tertiary institutions and schools.
A  Exploring feasibility of setting up an education- specific Intranet.

§  Educational Technology in Philippines
DepEd is committed to integrate ICT in public schools . The DepEd ICT4E Strategic Plan:
It identifies the following as the role of ICT in Philippine education:
A  revitalize our schools to make them into dynamic, collaborative and innovative learning institutions where students can become more motivated, inquisitive and creative learners.
A  link up our students with the vast networked world of knowledge and information to enable them to acquire a broad knowledge base and a global outlook and provide them with the resources for the development of a creative mind;
Initiatives
A  Develop in our students skills and capabilities to critically and intelligently seek, absorb, analyse, manage and present information;
A  Create new knowledge and products; and
A  Develop in our students habits of self-learning to nurture the attitude and capability for lifelong learning.
Achieving the vision of ICT in Philippine education in the next five years, DepEd commits to:
A  completely integrate ICT into the curriculum, which includes the development of multimedia instructional materials, and ICT enabled assessment;
A  intensify competency based professional development programs;
A  establish the necessary ICT infrastructure and applications.
A  develop processes and systems that ensure efficient, transparent and effective governance.

BASIC CONCEPTS ON INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY IN INSTRUCTION
There is a lingering issue on how educational technology is integrated in the teaching learning process. This is due to the fact that the mere use of the computer does not mean technology has already been integrated in instruction. For example, computer games may not related at all to education, much less classroom instruction. 
There is a need, therefore, to provide learning on how educational technology can be applied and integrated into the teaching-learning process. For this purpose, the definition given by Pisapia (1994) is helpful: “Integrating technology with teaching means the use of learning technologies to introduce, reinforce, supplement and extend skills.”
The difference between the classrooms of exemplary users of technology and technology users is the way their classes are conducted. In the exemplary classrooms, student use of computers is woven integrally into the patterns of teaching; software is a natural extension of student tools. 
Following this definition , there is NO INTEGRATIVE PROCESS if for example the teacher makes students play computer games to give them a rest period during classes. Neither is there integration , if the teacher merely teaches students computer skills. In the first place, the teachers of general or special subjects are not computer technicians or computer trainers.

External Manifestation of Technology Integration into Instruction
§  There’s a change in the way classes are traditionally conducted.
§  The quality of instruction is improved to a higher level in such a way that could not have been achieved without education technology.
§  There is planning by the teacher on the process of determining how and when technology fits into the teaching-learning process.
§  The teacher sets instructional strategies to address specific instructional issues/problems.
§  The use of technology provides the opening of opportunities to respond to these instructional issues/problems.
§  In sum, technology occupies a position (is a simple or complex way) in the instructional process.

Helping teachers effectively integrate technology by:
§  Learning the basics of using technology.
§  Using technology to support instruction.
§  Integrating new technology into classroom practice.
§  Discovering new uses for technology tools or designing projects that combine multiple technologies.
§  Focusing on cooperative, project-based and interdisciplinary work with technology being just one of many tools that students use.

The use of modern software technology in schools as part of the learning process has many levels. Most teachers start from a simple or basic integration such as the use of computer to present more vivid and clearer illustrations of the subject matter to be learned. They can also ask students to send thru e-mail assigned task. From these simple utilization of the computer, the teacher can create activities involving the students in team work by giving them specific situations wherein they use computer based materials to come up with the assigned tasks. Examples are the use of software to present lessons more vividly, group activities to produce information materials on certain subject matters, exchange of ideas between schools and students of different nationalities. In this way, students and teachers are now an integral part of our advancing modern global technology.
There is actually nothing to be worry about for teachers who are still novices in technology integration because learning how would really take time. Technology integration into instruction is developmental and takes a gradual road to mastery and expertise. In time, a teacher can advance from basic integration to more complicated integrations

Three (3) Types/Levels of Integration
1.       Simple/Basic Integration:There is no substantial change in the teaching-learning process from previous method. While technology helps, it does not play a pivotal role.
Examples:
a.        Ms. Cruz wants to show photos in hersocial studies class, but the pictures aresmall. She decides to use the computer,scan the photos for a computerprojection to the class (a presentationsoftware package)
Result: Good class presentation followedby a discussion.
b.       Mr. Alonzo thinks it is tedious to dopaper and pen Match worksheets. Hedecided to use the computer to put theworksheets into a spreadsheet form. Hethen asked students to submit theircompleted worksheet to him by e-mail.
Result: More active student activity.
2.       Middle Level Integration:There is a purposeful use of technology to support key learning areas.
Examples:
a.        Mr.Roxas uses a computer-basedTrigonometry software, projected to theclass using a projector to supplement histeacher-centered class presentation.
Result: An interactive class using asoftware.
b.       English teacher, Ms. Santos, usedcomputer-based activities (software)which students can go through duringlibrary time.
Result: Enrichment activity; record-keeping features of software allowschecking of progress of student learning.

c.        Ms. Yu asks her students to findinformation on H-Fever in the internet.Students are to create an informationleaflet giving a family health tips on H-fever.
Result: Creative skills employed bystudents.
3.       High Level Integration:Technology is the central instructional tool.
Examples:
a.        To dish out information on the ASEANRegion, Mr. Lopez assigned newslettercomputer production by group.
Result: increased social skills throughgroup work; planning, creativity,computer skills.
b.       The Rizal school has a partner school inthe U.S. A joint Science project allowsthe Philippine and U.S. schools toexchange information on indigenousherbal plants in both countries. Videoconferencing is held involving studentsof both schools.

Result: A more sophisticated technologysupported project demonstrating globalcommunication and socially relevantresearch.

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